Fort Rotterdam in Makassar is a symbol of history, colonial architectural beauty, and rich cultural heritage in Indonesia.
Makassar, the capital of South Sulawesi, offers numerous attractions, from cultural and culinary delights to historical tourism. One of the most famous historical landmarks and icons of the city is Fort Rotterdam.
This grand and sturdy fort is not just a historical site, but a silent witness to Indonesia’s long journey, particularly during the Dutch colonial era. This article will delve into the history of Fort Rotterdam, its architectural beauty, and the cultural values embedded within.
Exploring the History of Fort Rotterdam
Fort Rotterdam was built in 1545 by the 9th King of Gowa, I Manrigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung Tumapa’risi’ Kallonna.
For those exploring Things to do in Makassar, visiting this historical site is a must. Initially, the fort was named Fort Ujung Pandang and served as the Gowa Kingdom’s defense center against enemy attacks.
However, in 1667, after the Gowa Kingdom’s defeat in the Treaty of Bongaya, the fort was handed over to the Dutch.
The Dutch then renamed it Fort Rotterdam, honoring the birthplace of Cornelis Speelman, a VOC official instrumental in the fort’s capture. This iconic landmark offers a glimpse into the rich history of Makassar and its colonial past.
During the Dutch colonial period, Fort Rotterdam functioned as the administrative and military center in eastern Indonesia. It also served as the headquarters for Dutch troops in quelling local rebellions and controlling the spice trade in the archipelago.
One notable figure imprisoned in this fort was Prince Diponegoro, who was exiled to Makassar after losing the Java War (1825-1830).
Dutch Colonial Architecture at Fort Rotterdam

In terms of architecture, Fort Rotterdam is one of the finest examples of Dutch colonial buildings that still stand strong today. The fort’s shape resembles a turtle, symbolizing the Gowa Kingdom.
The turtle holds deep meaning, representing the ability to survive both on land and at sea, reflecting Gowa’s strength as a powerful maritime kingdom.
The fort’s structure is dominated by thick, sturdy stone walls, complete with bastions or watchtowers at several corners. Each tower played a strategic role in safeguarding the fort and its surroundings.
Inside the fort complex, there are several important buildings, including warehouses, government offices, and military barracks. The interior design reflects a blend of European architectural styles with local elements, adding to the site’s charm for visitors.
Additionally, Fort Rotterdam has a large gate that characterizes the architecture of European forts from that era.
The fort is surrounded by a moat that once served as an additional defense against enemy attacks. Although much of the fort’s structure has been renovated, the essence and authenticity of its architecture remain well-preserved.
Cultural Function and Role of Fort Rotterdam
Besides being a historical site, Fort Rotterdam today functions as a cultural center. Within the fort complex, there is the La Galigo Museum, which houses various historical and cultural artifacts from South Sulawesi.
This museum is an ideal place to learn more about the history of the Gowa Kingdom, the Bugis-Makassar people, and the Dutch colonial presence in the region.
La Galigo is one of the largest epic manuscripts of Bugis culture, containing mythological stories about the origins of the world and the kings of South Sulawesi.
The museum’s collection includes historical items such as traditional weapons, ceremonial attire, and relics from the colonial period.
In addition to the museum, Fort Rotterdam often hosts various cultural events, such as art exhibitions, traditional music performances, and cultural festivals.
This makes the fort an important cultural hub in Makassar, continuously preserving and promoting local culture to the broader community.
Beauty and Tourist Attraction
Fort Rotterdam is not only an intriguing historical site but also offers beautiful scenery. Its location on the shores of Losari Beach adds to the stunning natural panorama around the fort. Visitors can enjoy the sea view while strolling around the fort complex.
The fort is also a favorite spot for tourists to take photos, thanks to its beautiful architecture and historic atmosphere. Many visitors are drawn to take pictures in front of the main gate or one of the watchtowers. Additionally, some corners of the fort offer exotic views, making it a perfect backdrop for historical-themed photography.
Visiting Fort Rotterdam

Fort Rotterdam is located in the center of Makassar, making it easily accessible to tourists. It is open to the public every day with an affordable entrance fee. Inside the fort, there are tour guides available to provide visitors with more detailed explanations about the fort’s history.
For those interested in delving deeper into Indonesia’s colonial history, visiting Fort Rotterdam is a great choice. In addition to gaining historical insight, visitors will also be captivated by the fort’s architectural beauty and the historical ambiance that still lingers in every corner.
A Living Legacy
As one of Indonesia’s oldest forts, Fort Rotterdam is more than just a historical relic. It symbolizes the resilience and strength of the South Sulawesi people in facing challenges, from colonizers to the changes of time.
For those exploring Tourist Attractions in Maros, a visit to Fort Rotterdam complements the natural wonders of the region, offering a cultural and historical experience to balance your adventure.
Today, Fort Rotterdam is carefully maintained as part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage, continuously reminding us of the importance of preserving history.
With its rich history and beauty, Fort Rotterdam is a must-visit destination when in Makassar. Not only for history enthusiasts but also for anyone who wants to experience the grandeur of the past and the enduring beauty of colonial architecture that still stands strong today.